Grand Wines Case Study

Question: Examine about the Grand Wines Case Study. Answers: Presentation: This appraisal manages the answer for the issue of Grand Wines Ltd. The Role of the Project Leader is to illuminate the three referenced assignments separately utilizing SWOT Analysis, Project Charter and Preparing viable communicational arrangement for the association. The centrality of Australian Wine Industry is very enormous; it is perhaps the biggest exporter of wine on the planet and 40% of their creation is expended locally. Excellent Wines Ltd works all over NSW (New South Wales) and has wine and alcohol stores all around the state. The serious issue related with Grand Wines Limited it is confronting disappointment from Customers and Sales Representative in regards to requesting frameworks. What's more, with the assistance of a viable remote information passage frameworks they can discuss successfully with their clients and give right and significant requests in the organization database. SWOT Analysis: For Grand Wines Limited the execution of the Wireless Data Entry System prompts the business improvement and benefit amplification. Use of this skill causes the association to diminish the time which it takes in conveying the stock to the retailers thus the organization can manage showcase demand appropriately without losing its significant shoppers. STRENGHTS Shortcoming Less Delivery Time Increment in Sales Consumer loyalty Great progression of Communication Cost Reduction Lessening Direct Contact of Sales Loss of Data Postponements in Delivery Helplessness of Equipment Advancement, Implementation Upkeep Cost OPPORTUNITY Dangers Efficient for Sales Representative Assortment of more Data Diminished Delay in Stock Delivery Ongoing Streaming of Field Data Quicker Data Distribution to Field Operatives Danger of Data Loss during Transfer Integration Developing Technical Dependency Normal refreshing of Systems Lacking very much prepared Field Operatives Employing of Server Supervisor Undertaking Charter: Title of the Project: Implementation of Wireless Data Entry System Length of the Project: Please top off Spending plan: Existing financial plan for the undertaking is $60000.00AUD Name of the Project Manager: Please top off Email: Please top off Task Objectives: The execution of Wireless Data Entry System just as its activity in Grand Wines Limited is to diminish the time allotment taken by the salesman while putting in a request in the database. The Sales Representative for the most part gathers information from the retailers and spot them physically on the database. The essential target of this venture is Time Management and decrease of cost. This use of Wireless Data Entry System comprise of acquiring orders productively and on the time conveyance, precision of request, accessibility of stock and fulfillment of client are the fundamental reason and aftereffect of this venture (Olsen et al., 2016). Task Deliverables: Significant Deliverable I Deliverable Description Research Research on Survey will help to acknowledge the facial appearance and substance of the task. Testing Testing the item before propelling it into the System will assist with recognizing the difficulties and inadequacy of the framework. Assets All the assets and fundamental data on the use of remote gadget and remote information section framework must be open to the partners. Investigation Investigation of different Wireless Data Entry gadgets existing in the market. Financial plan From the accessible spending half of the cash on items like gadgets and programming Achievement Measures: Venture finishes inside the given time span. The Project finishes with the given spending that is $60000.00 AUD Partners of this arrangement are satisfied toward the finish of the venture. Increment of Sales of Grand Wines Limited after achievement of this System. Fulfillment and maintenance of Customers (Chong., 2014). Partner List: The Stakeholders of the Grand Wines Limited comprises of the CEO of Grand Wines Limited, Sponsors, Grand Wines Project Manager (PM), Team Leader, Marketing Specialist, Financial Advisor and parts of Research and Development Department Team. Approach of the Project: Looking over about the use of Wireless Data Entry System. In creating Software to ensure if there is an escape clause in the Data Entry System. Breaking down the appropriate restitution time of Grand Wines Limited by method of decrease of expenses. Enrolling Training Customer Service workers in regards to the utilization of Wireless Data Entry System and Device (Chong., 2014). Close down: On this undertaking sanction all the above Stakeholders should sign in the regarded referenced piece of the table. Correspondence Plan: Plan Purpose: The primary purpose for this arrangement is to fulfill the Sales Representatives and Customer as they are truly disappointed with the manual request arrangement of Grand Wines Limited. The arrangement is to actualize Wireless Data Entry System which will aggregate bunches of time and cash of the organization. After the finish of this undertaking Grand Wines Limited can build it pay as the Sales Representative will be competent to arrange the fundamental stock in straight measure of time for conveyance. As the undertaking manage the Sales Representative it will follow a descending upward correspondence (Bruke., 2013). Recognizable proof of Stakeholders: The data is chiefly connected with Sales Representative, Team Members, class educator and Project Sponsor those will actualize the venture on the field and will give sufficient input and audits of how well the correspondence is really occurring. Correspondence Requirement: Server: For the execution of the arrangement the remote server is important to be situated in the administrative center for information stockpiling and move. Application: Application of Data Entry Software or application in the Data Entry Devices is necessary for the server. Equipment: Wireless Data Entry Devices and Computers are likewise required. Security: As Wireless hardware is related with high risk about security framework. Legitimate security instrument to screen the framework is required (Bruke., 2013). Data to be Shared: Move of data will be for the most part in type of Verbal Communication via telephone in this venture. The recurrence of the data trade will occur as and when required. The Sales Representative will impart for the most part in the field or in the administrative center. Motivation behind Communication: The agony motivation behind the correspondence is to comprehend the situation in the field while utilizing remote information section framework how well the deal agent is powerful of the change. The correspondence will happen for the most part via telephone. Without appropriate correspondence the venture assessment won't be weighted so it is important to finish the task effectively great correspondence all through the undertaking is required (Bruke., 2013). Change Management: It will be troublesome in adjusting to the change abruptly however with time the agent will get it together of the innovation and will be effective. The group will discuss the arrangement with the assistance of email and before actualizing the arrangement a physical gathering will be masterminded. Changes in the arrangement may happen like difference in gadgets or programming so it fundamental for the undertaking administrator to talk about all the progressions with the Stakeholders and to settle on choices likewise remembering the accessible financial plan and time (Bruke., 2013). Meeting Agenda: The primary goal of the group is to finished the venture with the accessible financial plan and inside the given time period and with the base compensation time frame. The group will feature the upside of utilizing remote information framework, at that point preparing the salesperson and demonstrating the item attributes and suggestions. End: A Wireless Data Entry System is one of the most significant and powerful factor for any association to support and create. It is one of the instrument by which proficiency is expanded in an association. For Grand Wines Limited it will prompt business development and benefit and it will likewise fulfill the clients. With the usage of the Wireless System the Sales Representative can diminish the hour of conveyance. Salesman will get the data of at what time the stock is approaching or extra realities required to be created which can put aside heaps of time and cash for transportation and correspondence. By being one of the main brands in Australia Grand Wines Limited business will develop quickly and easily after usage of the Wireless Data Entry System in their Organization. References: Bredillet, C., Tywoniak, S., Dwivedula, R. (2015). What is a decent venture director? An Aristotelian perspective.International Journal of Project Management,33(2), 254-266. Brennan, J. J., Siebert, W. H., Cerrone, M. C., Williams, J. R. (2013).U.S. Patent No. 8,509,744. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Burke, R. (2013). Venture the board: arranging and control techniques.New Jersey, USA. Chong, S. (2014). Business process the board for SMEs: an exploratory investigation of usage factors for the Australian wine industry.Journal of Information Systems and Small Business,1(1-2), 41-58. Goetsch, D. L., Davis, S. B. (2014).Quality administration for hierarchical greatness. pearson. Kerzner, H. R. (2013).Project administration: a frameworks way to deal with arranging, booking, and controlling. Mora, P. (2016). Devices for Wine Differentiation and Positioning. InWine Positioning(pp. 93-113). Springer International Publishing. Mossalam, An., Arafa, M. (2015). The job of venture director in benefits acknowledgment the board as a task requirement/driver.HBRC Journal. Olsen, J., Wagner, P., Thack, L. (2016).Wine advertising deals: Success systems for a soaked market. Board and Bench Publi

Three stages of Emerging Markets in a financial crisis Essay

Three phases of Emerging Markets in a monetary emergency - Essay Example Bungle of money related advancement and globalization turns into the significant guilty party as was obvious in Mexico in 1994 just as numerous East Asian nations in 1997 (Myeconlab, 2011). In the United States, we sow the seeds of a money related emergency in the developing business sector nations as those nations change their monetary framework. This is finished by getting rid of limitations on the money related establishments and markets locally and opening up the economies to stream of capital and budgetary firms from different countries. A money which is fixed against the US dollar gets subject to a theoretical assault, where the examiners take part in the huge deals of the cash. Money emergency sets in as cash deals floods the market and gracefully overwhelms request which prompts the estimation of money falling. Loan fees get high, vulnerability increment and resource costs fall. The developing business sector economies designate a few obligation contracts in outside monetary forms prompting a cash jumble. The household money deterioration expands the estimation of obligations comparative with resources which prompts the decrease of the total assets of a firm. This decay at that point increments unfriendly choice just as good peril issues. Speculation decays just as monetary action. Accordingly to forestall money related emergency in developing business sector certain arrangements are considered including improving prudential guideline and management, restricting cash confound just as seq1uencing monetary

New and Useful Information on How to Become a Perfusionist

New and Useful Information on How to Become a Perfusionist There are many careers you can choose from and one of the most desired is in the medical field.Although the reasons for this may vary, most people love the thought of saving lives and treating the sick.Not everyone though.Some people dread the sight of bloodâ€"including their ownâ€"thus cannot take certain career paths.All in all, every career choice is important since there are different needs in the society.One very important, though not widely-known career is that of the perfusionist. It is one of the many careers in the medical field.Like other careers, it has its own unique characteristics.Perfusionists work as part of the teams which perform surgeries. Especially heart surgeries.If you thought that surgeries are only carried out by surgeons with the help of nurses, we have some news for you.Surgeries which involve the heart cannot be carried out without these individuals.Moreover, they handle patients who are in the ICU in need of assistance with their hearts and lungs.WHAT DOE S A PERFUSIONIST DO?  A perfusionist is a trained professional whose role in the operating room and ICU entail operating the machines which keep the patients alive.In the operating room, their expertise is required, more so during operations like open-heart surgeries. This is a surgery which involves stopping the heart from beating.Some of the reasons for an open-heart surgery are a weakened heart, a blocked or partially-blocked artery or other problems affecting the functioning of the heart.For an open-heart surgery to be successful, the heart should not be pumping blood.However, the patient has to stay alive and important organs like the brain and kidneys need oxygenated blood.In order for this to happen, the patients life is sustained through a process called Cardiopulmonary Bypass (CPB).Cardiopulmonary Bypass is the process by which blood is directed to flow out of the human body and into a machine.The machine is commonly known as the cardiopulmonary bypass pump or heart-lung ma chine.Perfusionists also work in the ICUs.This happens when a patient with a heart or lung problem is either brought in or awaits a surgery. To keep them alive, the heart lung machine is used until the necessary corrective action has been taken.This is where the Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) machines are used. This is more popularly known as life support.It can either be a case of awaiting a heart or lung transplant or the implanting of a Ventricular Assist Device (VAD).This is a mechanical pump used in situations where the patient has a heart failure or a very weakened heart.Perfusionists use their knowledge and medical expertise to set up and operate the machines.They will also be involved in monitoring the patient to ensure everything is working well. CHARACTERISTICS OF A PERFUSIONISTAs with other careers, there are certain character traits which are common among perfusionists.These are what enable them stand by the surgeons and work with the patients before and afte r the operation.Below are some of them.Detail OrientedTo be a perfusionist, you must have an eye for details. The machines you will be handling provide you with a lot of information to enable you make the right decisions.More than that, as you set up and run the equipment for a specific patient, you need to be careful to do the right thing.Some of the things you may need to check or set include the levels of oxygen in the blood as well as the blood pressure.If you were to increase the blood pressure or reduce it too much, you could endanger the life of the patient.In this field, a difference of 0.1 could be too big to ignore.Considering the number of negligence cases in the medical field, you certainly cannot afford to be part of those statistics. In the case of a perfusionist, it is literally a matter of life and death.This is the reason you are in that operation room in the first place.If you are not very keen with small details, then this career path may not be for you.Level-Hea dedEver seen accident victims being wheeled into the emergency room?The nurses clear the way, orders are shouted about what to be prepared, there are broken limbs and severe bleeding needs to be stopped.Such are the day-to-day cases experienced by the JPS Health Network’s Trauma Department. As a perfusionist, you will be called in and this is the picture of what you will see upon entering the operating room.What would you do?Would you cringe and start pitying the victim?That’s not for perfusionists.They maintain their calm in such situations. They understand the severity of the situation and may need to be briefed about it.But they will not be moved by emotions.You will have to learn to contain yourself and maintain a calm demeanor in this career.This is important because to operate the machinery which will support someone’s life requires a sober mind.For you to accurately determine what needs to be done, you have to stay calm.Ability to Concentrate for Long PeriodsOperations can be lengthy and complicated. Some run up to 6 hours.During such times, you can become tired and stressed.Yet you still have a duty to keep going till the procedure is finished.Remember that you are responsible for a very important part of the whole procedure.You are the one controlling the machine which is acting like the heart and lungs of the patient.A slight mistake could cause extensive damage.It is critical that you have the ability to stay focused throughout the operation.Something else, you should not just be present and looking alert but should be participating in the procedure.This is to enable you give the surgeon relevant information he may need to know.Physically and Mentally FitPhysical and mental fitness are a must in this career. To maintain high levels of concentration in emergencies and throughout the procedures being performed, fitness is necessary.You will need to stay alert for long hours without getting tired.Staying focused during long procedures requires yo ur mind to be in tip-top condition.Although there are many brain exercises you can do to increase memory or increase concentration, physical fitness helps keep your mind healthy enough.Good CommunicatorOne of the most important skills needed for this job is communication.As a perfusionist, you will never work alone. Whether in the operating room, ICU or working with other professionals to develop medical machines, it is always a team effort.Where teams are concerned, there has to be good communication.When you are working alongside surgeons and nurses during an operation, you will keep them informed about many aspects of the patient’s health.You are the one to advise on any issues concerning the patient’s blood and any medications needed.You will also be responsible for updating the whole team on the patient’s overall status, particularly his circulation and respiration.Watch the below video showing good communication between the various medical professionals in an operating r oom. Ability to Work Under PressureDoctors, and in particular surgeons, are known to work under extreme pressure.Always being available for emergencies and sacrificing much convenience for the sake of saving other people’s lives.Theirs is true service to others.The same applies to their team members, including perfusionist.With the ever-increasing cases of heart disease and the operations required to correct them, there will not be an end to the pressure involved.Are you willing to work long hours without a break? Are you willing to be called to work on the weekend? What about when having dinner at home?Have a Strong Sense of ResponsibilityPerfusionists literally hold the lives of patients in their hands. When an open-heart surgery is taking place, the heart has to be stopped from pumping blood so as to be operated on.This is where the heart-lung machine operated by the perfusionist comes in.It takes over the role of the heart and lungs.The person running the machine has to be car eful enough to ensure the safety of the patient.Any amount of negligence can easily lead to death.It is this realization that helps keep the perfusionist alert.But this alertness does not come simply from being taught in school. It has to come from within.As a perfusionist, you need to understand from within yourself, that you are largely responsible for the life of the person on the operating table.This will keep you on your toes while the procedure is underway.QUALIFICATIONS FOR BECOMING A PERFUSIONISTWith all that perfusion entails, there are qualifications required in order to practice in this field.Like most careers, the education is a basic requirement.Add to that some hands-on training and you will be good to go.Here is what you need to do to be in this career.1. Enroll in an accredited perfusion education program.Everything starts in class and not all schools can teach you about perfusion.There are schools which are accredited for this training and it is from these you are s upposed to get your training.Here is a list of the accredited schools.Some of the subjects you can expect to cover include cardiac anatomy and perfusion devices. Some of the perfusion devices include artificial hearts (blood pump), artificial lungs (oxygenator) and artificial kidneys (hemodialysis).2. Undergo Clinical TrainingThe nature of the job of a perfusionist demands that you have practical experience as part of the training.This is why some practical course work is necessary.You will need to perform at least 75 perfusions while under supervision in order to qualify for certification.The institution you are training in can help you by arranging for these.3. Get CertifiedBeing certified as a perfusionist will require you to pass some exams administered by the American Board of Cardiovascular Perfusion (ABCP).These exams come in two parts and they are multiple choice exams.The first part is referred to as Perfusion Basic Science Examination (PBSE).The second part is called Clini cal Applications in Perfusion Examination (CAPE).These exams should be taken after graduation from an accredited cardiovascular perfusion education program.You must pass both these exams in order to be certified.4. Obtain a LicenseOnce you have passed the certification exam, you are ready for practice.The only thing which can keep you from working is a state license.Check with your state whether a perfusionist license is required before practice.5. Renew Your CertificationYou will have to renew your certification every year in order to keep practicing. Certificate renewal ensures that your knowledge and skills are up to date.Apart from documenting up to 40 annual clinical activities, you have to do 45 Continuing Education Unit (CEU) every three years.CAREER DETAILSMany people are not aware of this career because it doesn’t get the spotlight. Everyone knows of surgeons and nurses but not perfusionists. As you have learned by reading this far, this is an important career. And a rewa rding one too, if you are interested in saving livesâ€"literally.The reason it has not been known much is probably because there haven’t been many cases of open-heart surgeries. It is only until recently that the baby boomer generation has made heart diseases become a nationally-recognized problem.Many are suffering from heart diseases thus increasing the number of surgeries being requested and done.Below we feature some aspects of this career to help you decide whether it is for you.It pays well.For the critical role which perfusionists play, they are certainly paid well. This would be expected since it is only fair to show appreciation for the services offered.The average salary in this career is $129,348 as of January 31, 2019. This is according to salary.com. The range is usually between $116,091 and $141,229.This is an impressive figure which can easily attract anyone to the career.To be paid among the highest, you will need to have more education, certifications and obviousl y, more experience.The longer you have stayed in the career, the more of an authority you are.Meaning more money.It is technology-driven.Technology has transformed the world and it will keep doing so.Apart from the revolutions in life coming through smartphones and social media, the medical field has also benefited from technology.With health conditions becoming more difficult to accurately diagnose and treat, many scientists have dedicated their lives to research.Among these advancements are the equipment used by medical professionals when handling various conditions.These are always going through improvements as science discovers new and better ways of handling the diagnosed conditions.For example, the heart-lung machine has experienced some improvements over the years.Encyclopedia.com has a history of this machine from where you can see the improvements brought about by technology and scientific research.The first heart-lung machine was the results of much dedicated research and work from an American surgeon by the name John H. Gibbon, Jr (1903-1974).The decision to undertake this project was a response to the death of a young patient who died of blocked lung circulation.After much work, the first successful operation with a heart-lung machine with the new machine was done in 1953.An 18-year-old patient’s heart was stopped for 26 minutes and a surgery done to close a hole in it.The original machine was huge, complex and required many pints of blood to be primed.Compared to the machines in use today, there has been a big improvement.Modern machines are relatively small and can be wheeled around with ease.Who knows what the future holds?If you wold love to work in the midst of technology while in the medical field, this could be a career worth considering.Offers great potential for growth.The perfusion career is not limited to the operating room or the ICU in public hospitals and universities.Whereas it is a good idea to start there and have some experience , you can also be employed by privately-practicing surgeons.There will however be some pros and cons to consider.For example, you may be able to get more personalized training as opposed to when working at the hospital.Nevertheless, the pay may actually be less than what a graduate gets from some of the public hospitals.Apart from the option of where to work, there are other alternatives you can go with in your practice of perfusion.For example, after gaining some experience, you could work with equipment manufacturers.The knowledge and experience you have will help them develop better machines for the market.You will be involved in the research, testing and any other stage of the process.If you feel adventurous, you can venture into sales. You can be employed as a technical sales manager, director or any similar position.You will essentially be responsible for giving technical details of the equipment and helping decision makers understand the uniqueness of the machine you’re sel ling.That can be a good opportunity to champion a solution.Another option to consider is being a perfusion educator.You can choose to be one of the teachers in perfusion schools and share your knowledge and experience.If you love mentoring people to do great things, then teaching is a good choice.CONCLUSIONDo you have the traits needed to be a perfusionist?In case you don’t but desire to be one, you can learn them.Be willing to make changes to your habits and get the education.

Propaganda for Patriotism - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1538 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2019/02/20 Category Politics Essay Level High school Tags: Patriotism Essay Did you like this example? Documentary is a unique form of expression, one that aims towards a group of people, appeals to an even more specific subgroup of that people, meanwhile captures the attention of mass audiences despite the filmmakers concern of their viewing. A propaganda documentary influences viewers in a precise way that convinces them to react based on subjective content. Michael Moore’s film, Fahrenheit 9/11 (2004) takes on the roots and effects of the Bush administration, the Iraq War, and the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks from a liberal perspective. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Propaganda for Patriotism" essay for you Create order Moore’s film was distributed internationally, made for the American people, but supports the left-view American view. Leni Riefenstahls motion picture Triumph of the Will (1935) was exposed to Nazi Germany, appealed to join young well-able men to join the Nazi army, and ultimately fed the idolization of Adolf Hitler. Moore and Riefenstahl have incredibly divergent party allegiances, these documentary filmmakers use opposing cinematic strategies to appeal to the individual citizen’s best interests, but ultimately ignite a sense of patriotism in their citizens. Commonly characterized as the sophisticated and intellectual film genre, the informative undertone of documentary filmmakingno matter how artistically decoratedshould raise suspicions as to why this specific documentary has been made. Leni Riefenstahl was commissioned by the Nazi Germany government to create Triumph of the Will during a time where Nazi leaders were concerned for the public image of Nazism and Adolf Hitler. The film was intended to show Adolf Hitler as a heroic figure and savior to Germany during this time period. Triumph of the Will was deemed a commercial production to distance the Nazi party’s involvement in the project, the Nuremberg rally was used to project an invincible Nazi government and military to deject their enemies and ignite supporters of Nazism. Riefenstahl refrained from common documentary contrasting to explicitly show more and more shots of the flourishing Nazi Germany, in particular during the annual Nuremberg rally in 1934, instead she built powerful image upon powerful image. This film, being a government sponsored film in support of the present regime, did not seek to provoke empathy as do some documentaries, Hitler and the Nazi soldiers were portrayed to be flawless characters. Everything about this films production and execution centers around power and wealth. The streams of crowds, affluent city, Christian church, multiple cameras in rally, etc. This film had a singular message, which was for everyone to know the wealth, power, and success of Nazi Germany, it was a vision of what every German citizen should make of the Nazi regime. The film techniques such as tracking shots, low angle shots, and aerial shots used were not unique to cinema at the time but the film’s complex production and use of scope uniquely reflected the unyielding superiority of Nazi’s agenda for power and wealth. The Nuremberg Rally was filmed with numerous cameras planted throughout the parade, emphasizing the scope of massively well-organized crowds of either soldiers or supporters. This film is indulgent in order and mass, and its excessive budget was a reflection of Nazi Germany’s flourishing economy. In film critic and theoretician Bill Nichols’ classic text, â€Å"Introduction to Documentary† (2001), Nichols would categorize Triumph of the Will documentary mode to be observational within his establishment of six different types of documentary modes. Observational documentary is aimed towards depicting reality as it is, or what the filmmaker wants to portray as everyday life reality. The mode revolves around the fact that the filmmaker is not intrusive on the subjects, however Riefenstahl presents this documentary as an observational documentary, but in reality much of the film was curated. The lack of narration supported the Nazi party’s goal to distance their direct touch on the filmmaking process in order for it to appear to be a more legitimate representation of them. This detachment of filmmaker and film allowed the viewers to feel less instructed, but more able to develop their own conclusions on the Nazi regime based on what they saw. As mentioned pri or, Nazis were not in the best place during the time this film was made, a handful of their leaders were assassinated and the concentration camps were just being developed. The lack of expository elements allowed the Nazi’s to represent themselves in a better light without context as to what is actually going on within the party. This serves as true in the sense that Riefenstahl did obtain her footage in the direct cinema style of filmmaking, despite claiming the film was cinema verite. She didn’t incorporate narration of the images she was recording, the distinction between diegetic and nondiegetic parade music is foggy. The shots of Hitler’s arrival to Nuremberg, the city’s famous annual rally, and the prospering infrastructure of Nazi Germany seem to be conveniently acquired with a simple camera present. In reality, these scenes were embellished as much as Riefenstahl could manage, for example the seemingly invigorating moment Hitler arrived off the plane was actually a moment curated for the film. In Triumph of the Will, patriotism and nationalism was developed in its viewers through an observational lense that anonymously presented the magnitude of control the Nazi regime had, making any of the wavering or untrustworthy German army members feel threatened by the numbers and fierce l eadership. The lack of self reflexivity of the filmmaker, legitimizes the visuals of Nazi Germany and the power and order they seemed to have possessed amongst their people. The indirect address of Riefenstahls subjects and prolonged takes lead the audience to join her as the â€Å"fly on the wall.† Another political propaganda film not directly hailed for its advanced cinematic elements but the complexity in which cinema was used to document is Moore’s Fahrenheit 9/11. The film is the highest grossing documentary of all time, Moore delves into the early years of the Bush Administration and the US government’s suspicious behaviors within the War on Terror and rationalizations of the Iraq War. Triumph of the Will was a film generated in the midst of hope that the Nazi regime would continue to flourish into the future and it was commissioned by the government in support of the regime. In contrast to Fahrenheit 9/11, where Moore is speaking against his government and wants the audience to reflect on past events in question to how power and wealth was being played out. However, Moore is still engaging in film propaganda and the criticism lies in the favor of the left-view politics and parties, but isn’t explicitly trying to empower us but rather inform us. It is important to refer to Bill Nichol’s establishment of documentary modes to understand how these films differ in execution and impact. Michael Moore engages in a performative mode in his film, which combines numerous different filmmaking styles and modes to best nourish the subject matter and provoke a conclusive and relatively emotional reaction to what the viewer is seeing. Fahrenheit 9/11 contains first-hand accounts of politicians, citizens, victims, and Moore himself in relation to the political and historical problems of the US government. The emphasis on personal experience is pivotal to a performative documentary, in comparison to Triumph of the Will, where citizen individuality was not celebrated yet still attracted patriotism and nationalism. While this documentary is performative, it includes reflexivity and expository choices. Moore’s subjective, personal understandings of what is happening in the grand scale of American politics is a powerful tool for v iewers to engage in postmodernism rhetoric on what is really happening in America, without the in depth logistical context. The use of compilation is rampant in this Fahrenheit 9/11, Moore has derived archived footage of key moments in US government decision making and utilized it for evidence and ironic punch lines. As in expository documentary, Moore enlists himself as the film’s â€Å"Voice of God,† being the authority narrator, navigating the audience members throughout the film, another element in which the viewer hands their trust to him, Moore’s famous approach to simplifying his rhetoric is with humor and sarcasm, most often towards the countrys elites, but nonetheless is it taken as a trustworthy voice to left-wing supporters. The editing revolves around the verbal continuity of Moore’s â€Å"storytelling† and builds the viewer’s investment in a resolution to the recent corruption in the presidential administration. Reflexivity is also a present mode in the film, Moore is frequently in front of the camera demonstrating his own investigative nature in find the missing parts of his knowledge and conclusion to the film’s subjects, meanwhile taking us on a journey that will ultimately end the film. The film is not reflexive in the sense that Moore demonstrates the organization of the production, but we follow him as he creates the film’s footage. In conclusion, both films are propaganda films, but they are using the opposite cinematic techniques to invoke an ultimate sentiment of invigorated patriotism towards the filmmaker’s favored political party leaving the individual (in the party’s favor) a more fierce and polarized citizen. One film is looking to expand the government’s longevity, and reflect this in the film’s complex production, hoping solidify the party’s advancement. The other film criticizes a government administration’s actions, weakening their front, analyzing the past.

The Book of Psalms Essay - 1672 Words

There are 150 psalms in the Book of Psalms that were written over the span of 800 years. Most of the Psalms written were made to be sung. There are two main genres of Psalms, which are laments and hymns. David is know to have written 73 psalms, Asaph wrote 12, the sons of Korah wrote 11, Solomon wrote 2, Moses wrote 1 and 50 are anonymous . Although 50 were anonymous, David was certainly the author of the majority of the Psalms. The title of the Psalm is not always a direct indicator of who the author was because the preposition â€Å"of,† â€Å"to,† and â€Å"for†. They are all the same in Hebrew. For example, if the title of the psalm was â€Å"Psalm of David† it could have been a psalm that he wrote himself. It also could have been one that†¦show more content†¦At this time in the ancient world a tent was used as God’s holy place, and this tent was located on the holy hill. The psalmist also asks in verse 1 who may go on the holy hill where the temple is located. It seems as though the psalmists would actually like to go to this holy place for themselves but is reserved about actually going because he knows that God has strict limitations as to who can actually enter the holy temple. The next part of the psalm directly answers the two questions asked in verse 1. In verse 2 the David gives a general answer of the type of person that is able to dwell in God’s place. In later verses the psalmist goes on to describe in detail exactly what kind of person will be admitted into the temple located on Zion . Verse 2 states that the acceptable person is one who can walk blamelessly, do what is right, and a person who speaks the truth. This answer is very general, but it does a great job of explaining what kind of person can enter the temple. It does not mention that the person who wants to enter the temple has to be completely perfect. That is an important thing because no human is perfect and if it took perfection to worship in the temple, it would be an empty place. This answer to what kind of person may enter is just explaining that at the point of entrance into the temple it is necessary for all wrong doings to have been forgiven and all sins to have been repent ed of. No man can walkShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Book Lamentations, Psalm 1372559 Words   |  11 PagesHe is their shepherd. And during this time there have been a lot of powerful feelings being expressed whilst interpreting their faith. A few examples of this movement during Exile would include the Book of Lamentations, Psalm 137, the Book of Habakkuk and finally the Book of the Prophet Obadiah. The Book of Lamentations is considered to be five poems that were said by tradition to be composed by the prophet Jeremiah after he knew Jerusalem would fall. The poems manage with the obliteration of theRead MoreThe Communication Principle in the Book of Psalms Essay665 Words   |  3 PagesThe communication principle that is outlined in this paper is about communicating lies and what the outcome of lying is. In the book of Psalm, it explains very clear about the bibles stance on lying. Psalm 59:12-13:12 reads, â€Å"For the sins of their mouths, for the words of their lips, let them be caught in their pride. For the curses and lies they utter, 13 consume them in your wrath; consume them till they are no more. Then it will be known to the ends of the earth that God rules over Jacob.† SpeakingRead MorePsalms As Torah And The Psalter1727 Words   |  7 PagesThe book â€Å"Psalms As Torah† provides insight and perspective about the Psalms, and the Psalter. Its main premise is to explore the ethical perspective of the Psalms, likewise, to highlight the ethical instruction provided. Psalms As Torah is a book whereby the author seeks to highlight the premise that the Psalms, while thought of as songs or hymns, are in addition a handbook, that essentially serve as guidelines for the law of the Old Testament . The application of ethics, along with the law ofRead MoreChapter 9 : Appeals For Divine Intervention1745 Words   |  7 PagesThe book â€Å"Psalms As Torah† provides both insight and perspective as to the Psalms, and the Psalter. Its main premise is to explore the ethical perspective to the Psalms, moreover to highlight the ethical instruction provided. Psalms As Torah is a book in which the author seeks to bring attention to the premise that the Psalms, while mostly thought of as songs or hymns, are in addition a handbook, providing guidelines to the law of the old testament . The application of ethics, along with the lawRead MoreChapter 9 : Appeals For Divine Intervention1724 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction The book â€Å"Psalms As Torah† provides insight and perspective about the Psalms, and the Psalter. Its main premise is to explore the ethical perspective of the Psalms, likewise, to highlight the ethical instruction provided. Psalms As Torah is a book whereby the author seeks to highlight the premise that the Psalms, while thought of as songs or hymns, are a guidebook, which essentially serves as guidelines for the law of the Old Testament . The application of ethics, along with the lawRead MoreEarly Church Worship Practices And The Psalms929 Words   |  4 Pages3. Early church worship practices and the Psalms The purpose of this section is to clarify major historical foundations of Christian worship practiced by the early church and its relation to the book of Psalms. The primary objective is to explain the influence of the Psalms on the worship life of the early church. By analyzing the New Testament context, believers can have a clear perception of the meaning of the book of Psalms in the worship life of the early church. Therefore, scholars assume thatRead MoreOtcl 505 Final Essay1100 Words   |  5 PagesLiberty Theological Seminary    Word Study: Final: â€Å"Wicked† from Psalm 1:1 A Paper Submitted to Dr. Eric Mitchell In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Course Hebrew Language Tools OTCL 505    6 May 2013 STEP 1 1.Word Choice: â€Å"wicked†, from Psalm 1:1. Transliteration: rasha Hebrew: × ¨Ã– ¸Ã— ©Ã– ¸Ã— Ã— ¢ NASB95: wicked NIV: wicked NLT: wicked MSG: not exactly translated (Sin Saloon Dead-End Road, Smart-Mouth College) 2. Strong’s Number: H7563, Could not findRead MoreThe Psalter Reclaimed Reflection Essay1722 Words   |  7 Pagesii Introduction The book of Psalms has been divided into five major sections, like the Pentateuch, with each sections ending with a doxology. It has the most chapters in the Bible, including the longest and the shortest chapters. In completing the reading assignment, a greater insight and understanding about the book of Psalms was gained. In reading the Psalms, one is able to identify the character of God and His steadfast love to those who fear Him. The book of Psalms allows the reader to communicateRead MoreThe Psalms Essay examples601 Words   |  3 PagesThe Psalms were written by several Authors under the inspiration of the Spirit of God. The Oldest psalm preserved for us is Psalm Ninety. Other Authors of the Psalms include: David, who is attributed to writing Seventy Three of the Psalms. Asaph was the music director during the reigns of David and Solomon. He wrote twelve psalms. They wrote twelve psalms. Solomon is the Author of two of the Psalms. He composed Psalm Seventy-two and Psalm One Hundred and Twenty-Seven. Heman a singer in the timeRead MoreNotes On The Messiah And The Psalms By Richard P. Belcher Jr.907 Words   |  4 PagesChristological Approach to the Psalms and then describes the five major categories of Psalms relating to Jesus the Messiah: the (1) Royal Psalms, (2) Typological – Prophetic Psalms, (3) Prophetic – Typological Psalms, (4) Prophetic – Messianic Psalms, and (5) Eschatological Psalms. Christological Approach to the Psalms The Christological Approach to the Psalms is presented and described by Richard P. Belcher Jr. in his book The Messiah and the Psalms: Preaching Christ from all the Psalms. The Christological

The Beauty of the Tropical Monsoon Climate Free Essays

The tropical monsoon climate is found in those regions where there is a complete seasonal reversal of winds. It is mainly found beyond the equatorial region between 10Â ° and 25Â ° North and South of the Equator. On-shore summer winds blowing from over tropical warm oceans generate the abundant precipitation, while the off-shore winds from over land make the weather dry during winter. We will write a custom essay sample on The Beauty of the Tropical Monsoon Climate or any similar topic only for you Order Now The most clearly defined monsoon climates are located in the coastal areas of the eastern and southern Asia. For example, India, Burma, Bangladesh, Indochina, Southern China and the Philippines experience a tropical monsoon climate. Surface relief, direction of the coast line and the extension of the monsoon into middle-latitudes cause a number of sub-types of the monsoon climate found over this most widespread continent. Rains are abundant and intense in tropical monsoon areas. But there is a distinct dry season, though very short. However, the amount of precipitation during the rainy season is so heavy that it more than gives back the absence of rainfall for a few months. Soils retain moisture to support the plant cover. In the tropical monsoon climate summer is generally the rainy season. During the high-sun period the on-shore winds bring a lot of moisture from over the tropical warm oceans to the land. Wherever these moisture-laden winds are forced to rise, abundant precipitation results. However, the coastal regions, if backed by highlands, receive the maximum amount of precipitation. It is important that the leeward sides of the coastal ranges suffer from the rain shadow effects. During the winter monsoon period, January and February are the driest months in South-east Asia. The distribution of rainfall in the subcontinent is more uneven than elsewhere. The rainfall decreases from east to west and from north to south in so much so that the western and north-western regions have almost semi-arid climate. The monsoon circulation in South-east Asia is characteristically governed by the migration of ITC. Because of differential heating of the continent and the adjoining oceans, there is a complete reversal of pressure gradient over the huge landmass of South-east Asia. During winter there are centers of high pressure over the continent so that there is a flow of air towards the oceanic low pressure centers. These winds are termed ‘the winter monsoon’ in the eastern and southern Asia. In summer, the huge landmass of Asia develops low pressure centers. These centers are reinforced by the ITC which moves suddenly to the north into the Indian subcontinent. Under these conditions the sea-to-land pressure gradients are established resulting in on-shore winds in eastern and southern Asia. These winds pick up huge quantities of moisture from the warm tropical oceans. Thus, the summer monsoons blowing from southwest Asia and eastern Asia are capable of giving heavy rains wherever conditions are favourable. As the winter approaches, the low-pressure centers are gradually replaced by the high pressure systems. The change in precipitation is what gives this climate type its name. Precipitation only falls during the summer months, usually from May-August with June and July having the heaviest rain. The whole dry season usually has less than 4 inches of rain. During the wet season, at least 25 inches will fall. Some areas of Tropical Wet and Dry in the path of monsoon winds can receive incredible amounts of rain due to seasonal winds called monsoon. Seasonality of its precipitation is the hallmark and most well-known characteristic of the monsoon climate. Though the annual amount of precipitation is quite similar to that of the rain forest, monsoon precipitation is concentrated into the high-sun season. Maritime equatorial and maritime tropical air masses travel from the ocean on to land during the summer, where they are uplifted by either convection or convergence of air to induce condensation. The low-sun season is characterized by a short drought season when high pressure inhibits precipitation formation. In the case of the Asian monsoon, the replacement of the thermal low with the subsidence of the Siberian High suppresses uplift. Air masses that dominate this period are dry given their continental origin or stability. A distinct dry season from October to May, when the temperature are lower, the interior of Asia is a region of high pressure. Wind blow over the land in a north east direction , carrying little or no moisture with them. These cool , dry North East Monsoon winds blows toward areas of low pressure and do not bring rain. A wet season from June to September, when the wind change in direction, the wind blow in the region of low pressure. Winds blow across the equator and blow over the oceans, they are warmer and carry a lot of moisture. They bring alot of rain. Total rainfall can reach 600 m The grasslands of Tropical Wet and Dry support many herbivores (plant eaters) who graze in the grasses. Most of these animals usually migrate and run in large herds for safety. Examples include wildebeests, gazelles, zebras, elephants, giraffes, etc. Many carnivores (meat eaters) follow and hunt the herbivores. Lions, cheetahs, hyenas, and large birds hunt the savannas of Africa. In the coastal regions of the tropical monsoon climate the temperatures are uniformly warm. Air temperatures show a marked annual cycle. The highest temperatures in this climate are recorded during summer just before the arrival of rains.. Average temperatures for the summer months vary from 27Â ° to 32Â °C. During winter, however, the average temperature at inland stations may vary from 10Â ° to 26. 7Â °C. In higher latitudes the drop in the minimum temperatures is large. During the wet seasons, there is extensive cloud cover. This blocks most of the incoming solar radiation during the day, and traps the outgoing radiation at night. Thus, the diurnal temperature range is small. Range of temperature in the tropical monsoon climate is a bit larger than that in the equatorial climate. The annual range registers a variation ranging from 2Â °C to 11Â °C. The diurnal range in the coastal regions is less than what it is in the continental interiors. Another characteristic feature of the diurnal range of temperature is that it is considerably higher in the dry summer months than in any other part of the year. The monsoon circulation in South-east Asia is characteristically governed by the migration of ITC. Because of differential heating of the continent and the adjoining oceans, there is a complete reversal of pressure gradient over the huge landmass of South-east Asia. During winter there are centers of high pressure over the continent so that there is an outflow of air towards the oceanic low pressure centers. These winds are termed ‘the winter monsoon’ or the ‘dry monsoon’ in the eastern and southern Asia. In summer the huge landmass of Asia develops low pressure centers. These centers are reinforced by the ITC which moves suddenly to the north into the Indian subcontinent to 20Â ° or 25Â ° N latitude. Under these conditions the sea-to-land pressure gradients are established resulting in on-shore winds in eastern and southern Asia. These winds pick up huge quantities of moisture from the warm tropical oceans. Thus, the summer monsoons blowing from southwest in the southern Asia and southeast in eastern Asia are capable of giving heavy rains wherever conditions are favourable. As the winter approaches, the low-pressure centers are gradually replaced by the high pressure systems. In fact, the so-called winter monsoons are nothing but the re-establishment of the northeast trades which are dry except in those areas where they reach after passing over the sea. Rains are abundant and intense in tropical monsoon areas. But there is a distinct dry season, though very short. However, the amount of precipitation during the rainy season is so heavy that it more than gives back the absence of rainfall for a few months. Soils retain moisture to support the plant cover. In the tropical monsoon climate summer is generally the rainy season. During the high-sun period the on-shore winds bring a lot of moisture from over the tropical warm oceans to the land. Wherever these moisture-laden winds are forced to rise, abundant precipitation results. However, the coastal regions, if backed by highlands, receive the maximum amount of precipitation. It is important that the leeward sides of the coastal ranges suffer from the rain shadow effects. During the winter monsoon period, January and February are the driest months in South-east Asia. The distribution of rainfall in the subcontinent is more uneven than elsewhere. The rainfall decreases from east to west and from north to south in so much so that the western and north-western regions have almost semi-arid climate. In the tropical monsoon climate, the amount and distribution of precipitation determine, to a large extent, the type of natural vegetation. Towards the equator-ward margins, where the precipitation is heavy, the tropical monsoon forest resembles the tropical rainforest. However, because of the seasonality of rainfall, species are limited in the monsoon forests. Towards the drier margins, rainforests are replaced by more sparse jungles, thorn forests and savanna grasslands. In India, for example, there are different types of natural vegetation ranging from the tropical rain-forests of the Malabar and Assam to the deciduous forests of the areas with moderate rainfall to thorny bushes of the more arid regions with scanty rainfall. Teak is the most valuable timber, and it is found in Burma and certain other parts of India. Besides, shisham, sal, mahua, mango tree, jamun, neem, and many more species of trees are found in the deciduous forests which shed their leaves before the commencement of the long dry season in order to conserve moisture. In fact, the deciduous trees of the monsoon forest are a fine illustration of their adaptability to a wet-dry climate in which rainy season with adequate water surplus alternates with a dry season with soil-water deficit. These forests are generally more open than the tropical rainforests. The trees are less tall and the branching starts at a lower level. Tree species may vary from 30 to 40 in a small area. Trees have thick and rough barks as moisture conserving device. Tree tops are fairly large and round. Outside India, the typical monsoon forest is found in Burma, Thailand and Cambodia. In West Africa and in Central and South America there are large areas of deciduous monsoon forest bordering the equatorial rain forests? In more humid areas where the forest is dense, the flying and climbing species of the animal life of the equatorial forest are dominant. But in drier regions where the trees are widely spaced with grasslands, large animals constitute the animal kingdom. Some of these animals are carnivores, while others are herbivores, such as, tigers, lions, leopards, wolves and jackals, elephants, wild buffalo, rhinoceros, deer, and antelopes. How to cite The Beauty of the Tropical Monsoon Climate, Papers

Tchaikovsky The Man And His Music Essays - Music,

Tchaikovsky: The Man And His Music ATchaikovsky=s music is not only one of the cornerstones of Russian musical society and world music . . . It is at the same time a creative and technical encyclopedia to which every Russian composer has reference in the course of his own work,@ commented Dimitri Shostakovich.1 This was a typical view held by Tchaikovsky=s contemporaries. He was well known and well respected, especially in his later years. In addition, Tchaikovsky was recognized as the most expressive Romantic composer in Russia.2 He was often idolized and put on a pedestal, particularly during his tour of the United States in 1891 when he conducted concerts of his own works in some of the leading concert halls. Tchaikovsky brought national attention to the Russian musical culture and composers. From this period forward Russian music was well received. Tchaikovsky did indeed make a great impact in Russia and around the world. Peter Ilich Tchaikovsky, born in Votkinsk, Russia on May 7, 1840, was part of a family with comfortable financial circumstances. His father was a mining engineer and he was strongly attached to his mother. He first entered into the musical world at the age of five when he was given his first instruction on the piano. In spite of these lessons and Tchaikovsky=s love for music it never occurred to his parents to devote his life to music. Instead, at the age of ten, his family moved to St. Petersburg where they enrolled him in the School of Jurisprudence. Nine years later, in 1859, he passed into the Ministry of Justice as a clerk. He still loved music although it did not prove to be a major part of his life during this period. He was a member of the school choir and took piano lessons, but none of his instructors suspected a budding genius.3 A great tragedy that would prove to have a major impact on his life occurred while he was in St. Petersburg. When he was fourteen years old, a major cholera epidemic was raging through Russia, a quite common occurrence during his lifetime. His mother contracted the disease and subsequently died. Tchaikovsky was completely shattered by her death. AIt is likely that the emotional imbalance that characterized Tchaikovsky=s throughout his life dates from this [emailprotected] He remained a clerk for three years. He hated his job but he worked feverishly at it for he worked hard at every task he was given. He continued to be drawn into the music world and he took piano and theory lessons. Finally, in 1862, he quit his job and devoted the rest of his life to music which he began by entering the St. Petersburg Conservatory. He graduated with a silver medal in 1865. After graduation he was unsure of what to do until 1866 when Nicholas Rubenstein offered him the job of professor of harmony at the newly formed Moscow Conservatory. It was here that he wrote his first serious works which included AA Festival Overture on the Danish National Hymn,@ his First Symphony in G AWinter Daydreams,@ and his first opera AThe [emailprotected] Showing his desire for perfection he tore up the opera because he was dissatisfied with it and it wasn=t until 1949 that it was revived.5 Tchaikovsky=s first masterpiece was composed from 1869-1870. It was a symphonic fantasy based on Shakespeare=s Romeo and Juliet. ARomeo and [emailprotected] was the first of Tchaikovsky=s works in which his superbly unique style is finally formed.6 ARomeo and [emailprotected] shows Tchaikovsky=s ability to portray a particular mood or emotion through his music. It is thought that this ability was stimulated by his only love affair with the well known soprano Desiree Artot. One day she was in Warsaw and she met a baritone there. He proposed to her and she accepted without every giving another thought to Tchaikovsky. What makes this curious is the fact that this composer, who was generally regarded as sensitive and hot tempered, was able to forget her quite easily and continue on with his life.7 Tchaikovsky=s ability to put Desiree Artot out of his mind so easily stems from his homosexual tendencies which left him with Aa profound sense of guilt . . .

Noëls Vocabulary, Traditions and Decorations

Noà «ls Vocabulary, Traditions and Decorations Whether you are religious or not, Christmas, Noà «l (pronounced â€Å"no el†) is an important holiday in France. Since the French don’t celebrate Thanksgiving, Noà «l is really the traditional family gathering. Now, many things have been said about Christmas in France, and its particular traditions such as the thirteen desserts, but many of these traditions are regional, and unfortunately tend to disappear with time.   Right now, across France, here are seven traditions you could be expecting: 1. Le Sapin de Noà «l - The Christmas Tree For Christmas, traditions asks that you go get a Christmas Tree â€Å"un sapin de Noà «l†, decorate it and set it in your house. Some people would plant theirs back in their yard. Most will just get a cut tree and throw it away when it is dry. Nowadays, many people prefer to have a synthetic tree you can fold and reuse every year. â€Å"Les dà ©corations (f), les ornements (m)† are more or less precious but it is mostly in the US that I’ve heard the traditions of passing on ornements through generations. It is not a very common thing in France. Its not really clear when to set up the sapin de Noà «l. Some set it on Saint Nicks day (December 6th) and remove it on the 3 King Day (lEpiphanie, January 6th). Le sapin de Noà «l - Christmas treeLes aiguilles de pin - pine needlesUne branche - a brancheUne dà ©coration - a decorationUn ornement - an ornamentUne boule - a ball / an ornamentUne guirlande - a garlandUne guirlande à ©lectrique - an electrical garlandL’à ©toile - the star 2. La Couronne de Noà «l - Christmas Wreath Another Christmas Tradition is to use wreaths on your doors, or sometimes as a table centrepiece. This wreath may be done of twigs, or of a fir branch, may have glitter, feature fir cones and if placed on a table, often surrounds a candle. Un centre de table - a centrepieceUne couronne - a wreathUne brindille - a twigUne branche de sapin - a fir branchUne pomme de pin - a fir coneUne bougie - a candleUne paillette - a glitterDe la neige artificielle - artificial snow 3. Le Calendrier de l’Avent - Advent Calendar This is a special calendar for kids, to help them count the days before Christmas. Behind each number is a door, which reveals a drawing, or a nook with a treat or a little toy. This calendar is usually hung in a communal room as to remind everybody of the countdown before Christmas (and keep an eye on the â€Å"door† openings so that the kids won’t just eat all the chocolate before Christmas...) Un calendrier - a calendarL’Avent - AdventUne porte - a doorUne cachette - a hiding spotUne surprise - a surpriseUn bonbon - a candyUn chocolat - a chocolate 4. La Crà ¨che de Noà «l - The Christmas Manger Nativity Another important Christmas tradition in France is the nativity: a little house with Mary and Joseph, an ox and a donkey, the star and an angel, and eventually baby Jesus. The nativity set can be larger, with the 3 kings, many shepherds and sheep and other animals and village people. Some are very old and in the South of France, the little figurines are called â€Å"santons† and can be worth quite a lot of money. Some family make a paper crà ¨che as a project for Christmas, others have a tiny little one somewhere in their house, and some churches would have a live nativity scene during the Christmas mass. Traditionally, baby Jesus is added on December 25th in the morning, often by the youngest child of the household. La crà ¨che - the manger/ nativityLe petit Jà ©sus - baby JesusMarie - MaryJoseph - JosephUn ange - an angelUn boeuf - an oxUn à ¢ne - a donkeyUne mangeoire - a mangerLes rois mages - the 3 kings, the 3 wise menL’à ©toile du berger - the star of BethlehemUn mouton - a sheepUn berger - a shepherdUn santon - manger figurines made in the South of France 5. About Santa, Shoes, Stockings, Cookies and Milk In the old days, children would place their shoes next to the fireplace and hope to get a little present from Santa, such as an orange, a wooden toy, a little doll. Stockings are used instead in the Anglo-saxon countries.   In France, most new houses do not have a fireplace, and the tradition of placing your shoes by it has totally disappeared. Although he does bring the presents on his sleigh, in France what Santa does is not that clear: some think he comes down the chimney himself, some believe he sends a helper or just magically places the gifts on the shoes (if he is an old-fashioned Santa) or under the Christmas tree. In any case, there is no clear tradition of leaving cookies and milk for him†¦ Maybe a bottle of Bordeaux and a toast of foie gras? Just kidding†¦ Le Pà ¨re Noà «l - Santa (or Saint Nicolas in the North-East of France)Le traineau - the sleighLes rennes - reindeersLes elfes - elvesLe Pà ´le Nord - North Pole 6. Christmas Cards and Greetings It’s customary in France to send out Christmas/ Happy New Year cards to your friends and family, although this tradition is disappearing over time. If its better to send them before Christmas, you have until January 31st to do it. Popular Christmas greetings are: Joyeux Noà «l - Merry ChristmasJoyeuses fà ªtes de Noà «l - Merry ChristmasJoyeuses fà ªtes - Happy Holidays (more Politically Correct since not Religious) 7. Les Marchà ©s de Noà «l - Christmas Markets in France Christmas Markets are little villages made up of wooden stalls (called chà ¢lets) which pop up in the center of towns in December. They typically sell decorations, local products and vin chaud (mulled wine), cakes, biscuits and gingerbreads as well as many handcrafted items. Originally common in the North-East of France, they are now popular throughout France - there is a huge one on les Champs Elysà ©es in Paris.

History of Papermaking From Papyrus to Dixie Cups

History of Papermaking From Papyrus to Dixie Cups The word paper is derived from the name of the reedy plant papyrus, which grows abundantly along the Nile River in Egypt. However, true paper is made of pulped cellulose fibers like wood, cotton or flax. First There Was Papyrus Papyrus is made from the sliced sections of the flower stem of the papyrus plant, pressed together and dried, and then used from writing or drawing. Papyrus appeared in Egypt around 2400 B.C. Then There Was Paper A courtier named Tsai-Lun, from Lei-yang in China, was the first recorded inventor of paper circa 105 A.D. Tsai-Lun presented paper and a papermaking process to the Chinese Emperor and that was noted in the imperial court records. There may have been papermaking in China earlier than the above date, but inventor Tsai-Lun did much for the spread of papermaking technology in China. Chinese Papermaking The ancient Chinese first made paper in the following fashion. Plant fibers such as hemp were soaked and beaten into a sludgeThe sludge was strained through a cloth sieve attached to a frame that also served as a drying platform for the resulting paper Newsprint Charles Fenerty of Halifax made the first paper from wood pulp (newsprint) in 1838. Charles Fenerty was helping a local paper mill maintain an adequate supply of rags to make paper when he succeeded in making paper from wood pulp. He neglected to patent his invention and others did patent papermaking processes based on wood fiber. Corrugated Papermaking - Cardboard In 1856, Englishmen, Healey and Allen, received a patent for the first corrugated or pleated paper. The paper was used to line mens tall hats. American, Robert Gair promptly invented the corrugated cardboard box in 1870. These were pre-cut flat pieces manufactured in bulk that opened up and folded into boxes. On December 20, 1871, Albert Jones of New York NY, patented a stronger corrugated paper (cardboard) used as a shipping material for bottles and glass lanterns. In 1874, G. Smyth built the first single sided corrugated board making machine. Also in 1874, Oliver Long improved upon the Jones patent and invented a lined corrugated cardboard. Paper Bags The first recorded historical reference to grocery paper bags was made in 1630. The use of paper sacks only really started to take off during the Industrial Revolution: between 1700 and 1800. Margaret Knight (1838-1914) was an employee in a paper bag factory when she invented a new machine part to make square bottoms for paper bags. Paper bags had been more like envelopes before. Knight can be considered the mother of the grocery bag, she founded the Eastern Paper Bag Company in 1870. On February 20, 1872, Luther Crowell also patented a machine that manufactured paper bags. Paper Plates Paper foodservice disposables products were first made at the beginning of the 20th century. The paper plate was the first single-use foodservice product invented in 1904. Dixie Cups Hugh Moore was an inventor who owned a paper cup factory, located next door to the Dixie Doll Company. The word Dixie was printed on the doll companys front door. Moore saw the word every day, which reminded him of dixies, the ten-dollar bank notes from a New Orleans bank that had the French word dix printed on the face of the bill. The bank had a great reputation in the early 1800s. Moore decided that dixies was a great name. After getting permission from his neighbor to use the name, he renamed his paper cups Dixie Cups. It should be mentioned that Moores paper cups first invented in 1908 were originally called health cups and replaced the single repeat-use metal cup that had been used with water fountains.

Case study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words - 3

Case study - Essay Example inhibitory or excitatory) and determine the specific behavior of the receptor. There are four NTs important with reference to alcohol effect and dependence, the excitatory NT glutamate, the inhibitory NT GABA (gamma- aminobutyric acid) & the two NTs involved in the reward process: Dopamine and serotonin. In initial exposure, alcohol induces production of dopamine, which onsets the encoding of these incidences as environment linked memories in cortex of brain. It also influences the excitatory and inhibitory NTs which in absence of alcohol, maintain a balance. Under the influence of alcohol, an important subset of glutamate (N-methyl D-aspartate, NMDA) is inhibited, thus causing inhibition of excitatory impulse.The primary effect of alcohol, however is on NT GABA: its inhibitory effect is enhanced, resulting in suppresing neuronal activity of receptor cell. Here one of the key features of brain comes into play, that is adaptation. Adaptation in the same system, i.e. homologous adaptation results with repeated exposure to alcohol, and thus a tolerance is developed, GABA receptors become less responsive to GABA and higher alcohol concentrations are required to achieve the same level of suppression. Upon withdrawl of alcohol, GABA receptors still remain less responsive and hence resulting in an imbalance in favor of excitatory NT. The situation is further aggravated by the enhanced activity of excitatory NT glutamate, the receptors for which remain elevated even after withdrawl of alcohol. Both these effects have the cumulative effect of hyperexcitability, which leads to craving for alcohol and withdrawl symptoms. Added to this is the hetrologous adaptation of brain, i.e the homeostatic response in one system as result of changes in another system. It is very difficult to discern these changes more so because they are not mutually exclusive. And therefore doubts arise as to which one of these neurochemical pathway is actually responsible for

Culture framework Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Culture framework - Essay Example They have gained recognition for their special work towards the Mentawai people where they have helped them retain their culture and traditions despite the material aids provided to them and attempts made towards a behavioral change rather than cultural alteration. The organization markets itself with the help of its human values which they reveal in their activities. provision of education, training and support have helped the organization gain adequate recognition apart form the popularity of Jenkins’ corporate tactics amongst the donors. It shows a combination of careful strategic planning and rendering social service at the same time. Introduction Surf Aid is a â€Å"nonprofit humanitarian organization founded by Dr. Dave Jenkins, whose objective was to improve the health; well being and self reliance of people living in isolated communities connected to the rest of the world through surfing† (Surf Aid International, n.d.). ... Both the adult and the children of the region suffered from malnutrition and natural disasters like tsunami and earthquake was a harsh reality that the people of those regions were facing. (Annual Report, 2006-2007, p. 6) The goal of the company is to empower the community so that they can help themselves in building local capacity ensuring sustainable improved health resilience. The educational program initiated by the organization to bring in awareness among the people of the community involved educating the community in nutrition, hygiene and sanitation, clean and healthy environments and prevention of diseases which also includes the distribution of mosquito nets among the people of the community. The aim of the organization is to improve the health and well being of the people through an integrated approach of cost effectiveness and high-impact interventions without encroaching upon their culture, thereby not making an effort to urbanize them. The organization’s work was to bring in a change in the behavior of the community which were necessary to have a healthy living but not changing the culture of the whole community. The effort of the organization has resulted in measurable health improvement and decline in health inequality eventually (Roxburg, n.d.). The organization without working on the fact to urbanize the area has worked upon the healing of the community from diseases. It has in a way represented the community of the islander. Organizational Values and Culture Surf Aid advocates the organizational values of accountability to others, transparency of the organization and partnership. The organization goes by the principle and values of respecting colleagues, communities and social justice. The

A Simple Definition of Art Essay -- Expository Definition Essays

A Simple Definition of Art Art can be defined in many ways by an individual. One can say that any creative output by a person is considered art. Others contend that art must conform to a societal standard and the basis of the creation should be understood by most intellectual people. For example, some contend that computer-generated images, such as fractals, are not art due to the large role played by a computer. E.O. Wilson states â€Å"the exclusive role of the arts is to intensify aesthetic and emotional response. Works of art communicate feeling directly from mind to mind, with no intent to explain why the impact occurs† (218). A simple definition may be that art is the physical expression of the ideals formed by the mind. The mind creates the emotions and ideals responsible for art. The brain is capable of imagining glorious things, and art is the physical manifestation of these ideals. These ideals are usually intense emotions with aesthetic power (Wilson, 220). Art organizes these emotions in a matter that can easily express the ideals to...

Mis Grameenphone

Mis in Grameen Phone chapter 01 Introduction Management and organizations facing constantly changing problems, diverse managerial styles, and ever present information needs offer a challenging context for developing computer based information systems. A management information system (MIS) is a system or process that provides information needed to manage organizations effectively. Management Information Systems (MIS) employs the integration of information technology in achieving the needs and objectives of the general workforce, managers and their organization.The development of MIS in organizations helps corporate executives in applying efficient and effective information technology-based business and economic decisions. With new trends in information technology, managers and organizations will face more advance and flexible management of organizational information. Management information systems are regarded to be a subset of the overall internal controls procedures in a business, w hich cover the application of people, documents, technologies, and procedures used by management accountants to solve business problems such as costing a product, service or a business-wide strategy.Academically, the term is commonly used to refer to the group of information management methods tied to the automation or support of human decision making, e. g. Decision Support Systems, Expert systems, and Executive information systems. The terms MIS and information system are often confused. MIS is sometimes referred to, in a restrictive sense, as information technology management. That area of study should not be confused with computer science. IT service management is a practitioner-focused discipline.MIS has also some differences with Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) as ERP incorporates elements that are not necessarily focused on decision support. MIS uses computer technology to provide information and decision support to managers, helping them becomes more effective. Developmen ts in the young computer industry are changing corporate management style. Managers at all levels use similar data. Operating managers require data which is timely, precise, detailed, internal and historical.Upper level managers need data which is aggregated, external as well as internal, future oriented as well as historical and covering a longer span time. An effective MIS cannot be built without viable data management tools. Such tools were not generally available previously. Moreover, most organizations did not effectively use DBMS technology until two decades before. Most organizations these days rely heavily on their IT systems. An important key to a successful MIS is the effective management of an organization's data resources. hapter 02 Management information system 2. 1 MIS definition- Management information system is the combination of men, machine and procedures for collecting related information from the internal and external sources of an organization, and use these inf ormation for the purpose of decision making. Another way it can say it is the integrated system of man and machine which provides information support for the decision making in the organization. MIS also can define as a computer-based information system. According to Jorge M.Scott, â€Å"MIS is comprehensive and coordinated setoff information subsystems which are rationally integrated and which transform data into information in a variety of ways to enhance productivity in conformity with the manager’s style and characteristics on the basis of established quality criteria. † 2. 2 Applications of MIS MIS has become an integral part of the organization's existence and application on several specific areas. These include strategy supports, data processing and job performance development. MIS transforms data into useful information to formulate effective management decisions.Data processing by MIS allows organization of enormous quantity of business data and provides valua ble time-saving benefits for the organization. Job performance of the organization's human resources is greatly affected with the establishment of an MIS. Employees will have more efficient and effective ways in handling data and information. 2. 3 Elements of a Functional MIS A functional MIS has five elements which include timeliness, accuracy, consistency, completeness and relevance. The efficacy of an MIS will be deterred whenever one or more elements are compromised.The element of timeliness signifies that an organization's MIS can provide and distribute current information to its users. Processed information from MIS must be accurate and free from flaws. MIS consistency in handling data must be taken into consideration for well-defined, documented processes and ability to adapt with a dynamic environment. Management needs complete and related information in a summarized format to eliminate information overload. The MIS must be able to provide the management with relevant data f or effective planning and decision making. 2. 4 Advantages of MIS An MIS provides many benefits to the organization.Primarily, it facilitates organizational planning. MIS enhances the sound decision-making skills of the management by providing relevant information. Secondly, MIS minimizes information surplus by summarizing this in standard formats for managers to have detailed and concise reports. Thirdly, MIS facilities bring integration to an organization as it keeps other departments abreast with existing problems and needs. Lastly, MIS makes managerial control easier. This gives management the ability to assess and improve the organization's performance. 2. 5 MIS classification MIS is a concept, which is a matter of degree rather than an absolute one.In management there are perhaps few other areas other than MIS which gas created so much controversy. We would make an attempt to try to look into different types of MIS as they have evolved during the course of time. 1) Transaction Processing System (TPS) 2) Management Information System (MIS) 3) Decision Support System (DSS) 4) Executive Support System (ESS) 1) Transaction Processing System: It processes transactions and produces reports. I t represents the automation of fundamental, routine processing used to support business operations. It does not provide any information to the user for decision making.TPS uses data and produces data. 2) Management Information System: MIS in an information system that processes data and converts it into information. A management information system uses TPS for its data inputs. The information generated by the information system may be used for control of operations, strategic and long-range planning, short-range planning, management control and other managerial problem solving. 3) Decision Support System: A decision support system is an information system application that assists decision-making. DSS tends to be used in planning, analyzing alternatives and trial and error search solutions.They incorporate a variety of decision-making models and thus area capable of performing what-if analysis. 4) Executive Support System: An ESS is a special kind of DSS. It is specially tailored for the use of chief executives of an organization to support his decision-making. Thus ESS is a comprehensive information system that includes various type s of decision support systems, but it is more specific and person oriented. 2. 6 Objective of MIS There are three basic objectives of MIS are discussed below: 1. Operational control: It is the process of assuring that the specific tasks are carried out efficiently and effectively. 2.Management control: It is the process by which managers ensure that resources are obtained and used effectively and efficiently in the accomplishment of organizational objectives. 3. Strategic planning: It is the process of deciding on objective of the organization, on change in these objectives and on the policies that govern the acquisition , use and disposition of these resources. The nature and extent of information required for these purpose greatly depends upon the business environment in which it operates. As small or medium size organization do not have the resources or the organization to have a systematic information system. . 8 Characteristics of MIS The following are the characteristics feature of an MIS (a) Management oriented: This is the most significant characteristics of MIS the system is designed from the top down. This does not mean that the system will be geared to providing information directly to top management; rather, it means that the system development starts from an appraisal of management needs and overall business objective. It is possible that middle management or operating management is the focus of the system, such that their needs are the cornerstone on which the system is built. b) Management directed: Because of the management orientation of MIS, it is imperative that management activit y direct the system development efforts involvement is not enough. It is rare to find an MIS where the manager himself or a high-level reprehensive of his department is not spending a good deal of time in system design. (c) Integrated: Integration is significant because of the ability to produce more meaningful management information. For example. in order to develop an effective production scheduling system , we must balance , such factors as : * Set up costs * Work force Overtime rates * Production capacity * Inventory levels * Capital requirements * Customer service A system that ignores one of these elements –inventory, level for example is not providing management with an optional schedule. (d) Common data flow: Because of the integration concept of MIS there is an opportunity to avoid duplication and redundancy in data gathering, storage and dissemination for example- customer orders are the basis for building the customer for goods ordered, setting up the accounts rece ivable, initiating production activity, sales analysis, sales forecasting and so on. e) Heavy planning element: Management information system does not occur overnight, they take from three to five years and longer to get established firmly within a company. Therefore a heavy planning element must be present in MIS development. (f) Sub system concept (g) Flexibility and easy of use (h) Database (i) Distributed data processing (j) Information as a resource 2. 8 Roles of MIS (The performance monitoring role) The MIS has many roles to perform like the decision support role, the performance monitoring role and the functional support role.MIS are not just statistics and data analysis. They have to be used as an MBO (Management by Objectives) tool. They help: * To establish relevant and measurable objectives * To monitor results and performances (reach ratios) * To send alerts, in some cases daily, to managers at each level of the organization, on all deviations between results and pre-est ablished objectives and budgets. * The Functional Support Role Business processes and operations support function is the most basic. It involves collecting, recording, storing, and basic processing of data.Information systems support business processes and operations by: * Recording, storing and processing sales data, purchase data, investment data, payroll data and other accounting records * Recording, storing and processing inventory data, work in process data, equipment repair and maintenance data, supply chain data, and other production/operations records * Recording, storing and processing personnel data, salary data, employment histories, and other human resources records * Recording, storing and processing market data, customer profiles, customer purchase histories, marketing research data, advertising data, and other marketing records * Recording, storing an processing business intelligence data, competitor analysis data, industry data, corporate objectives, and other strate gic management records use of all the above to implement, control, and monitor plans, strategies, tactics, new products, new business models or new business ventures. * The Decision Support Role The business decision making support function goes one step further. Decision making is an integral part of the functioning of any organization. To facilitate Decision making in this ever-competitive world it is imperative that managers have the right information at the right time to bridge the gap between need and expectation. To facilitate better flow of information adequate Management Information Systems (MIS) is the need of the hour.Thus it is important to have an understanding of the MIS followed in an organization by all levels of management in order to take effective decisions. A management information system collects and processes data (information) and provides it to managers at all levels who use it for decision making, planning, program implementation, and control. 2. 9 Risks of M IS Management risks show the likelihood of economic events that could negatively affect the operations or earnings of the organization. Management decisions based on erroneous, ineffective or imperfect MIS may boost the risks in specific areas such as commodity pricing, company's liquidity, interest rates or foreign currency.A non-secure or poorly programmed MIS can result into hacking, data manipulation, unauthorized data access and routine work disruption that can result to incorrect management decisions or planning. chapter 03 COMPANY OVERVIEW GRAMEENPHONE GRAMEENPHONE is the largest mobile phone company in Bangladesh. In the midst of lack of communication means, GRAMEENPHONE has introduced an effective and user-friendly mobile phone network. It has put a positive impact on the lifestyle of the people of Bangladesh. 3. 1 Ownership: TELENOR owns 62% of GP. It is the state-owned telecommunication company in Norway operating since 1885. It is amongst the oldest, most sophisticated, and diversified telecom companies in the world.The company has a long history of successful cooperation with other operators and governments in and out of Norway. TELENOR's home base, Norway, has the highest density of mobile phones in the world and one of the most competitive markets in the field. TELENOR has been playing a pioneering role in the development of GSM, one the latest and most successful versions of cellular technologies. GRAMEEN Telecom the second largest shareholder owning 35% of GP, has been established by GRAMEEN Bank, which believes that a lack of communication facilities in the rural areas is one of the major obstacles to rapid economic development in the rural areas of Bangladesh.GRAMEEN Telecom's deep understanding of the people and culture of Bangladesh helps GP to build up convenient and cost-effective communication facilities in the rural areas, which in turn, create more jobs and open up business opportunities there. Marubeni Corporation is one of the large st general trading and investment companies in Japan. The company has a global business network that oversees a number of operations ranging from domestic export and import to offshore trade and retail marketing of finished products. Marubeni invests in manufacturing facilities and infrastructure projects, including in the telecommunications sector. The company owns 9. 5% of GP. Gonofone Development Corp. which owns 4. 5% of GP, is a telecommunications development company based in New York.In addition, three leading international financial institutions– the International Finance Corporation, Asian Development Bank and the Commonwealth Development Corporation — are also shareholders of GrameenPhone. The three organizations each hold three per cent of preferred shares of GrameenPhone. 4. 2 License and Network GrameenPhone currently holds both a GSM 900 and a GSM 1800 license. The government has not yet announced any plans to issue UMTS licenses in Bangladesh. With the in itiative of GrameenPhone, mobile phones are spreading rapidly throughout the country. A huge portion of Bangladesh is under GrameenPhone's coverage now. Today, more than one in three telephones in Dhaka and Chittagong are mobiles.GrameenPhone's network is divided into six zones according to the divisional borders: Dhaka Zone, Chittagong Zone, Khulna Zone, Sylhet Zone, Barisal Zone and Rajshahi Zone. Currently GP is operating in all six zones. The zone in which a subscriber is registered with GrameenPhone is that subscriber's Home Zone, and all other zones are Remote Zones. GrameenPhone offers the widest coverage in Bangladesh. The population coverage has increased from approximately 85% in 2005 to above 90% in 2006. In addition, GrameenPhone also offers GPRS in most of the country and EDGE in urban areas. 3. 2. 1 Specialties GSM Mobile Operator, Telecommunication Service Provider. 3. 2. 2 Healthline and BillPay:In 2006, GrameenPhone introduced â€Å"HealthLine†, providing aro und the clock access to medical services for its subscribers via the mobile phone, and â€Å"BillPay†, allowing utility bill payments with the mobile phone in selected areas. 3. 3 Products: Under Post Paid Service there are two products 1) GP-GP Regular 2) GP-GP National 3. 3. 1 Subscribers' Facilities: Grameenphone subscribers enjoy the following GSM features without bearing any additional costs: * Caller ID * Call Waiting * Call Conference * Call Divert * Call Barring * Value Added Services * Voice Mail Service (VMS) * Short Message Service (SMS) * Fax and Data Service (currently available only to corporate clients) * Pre-Paid Service chapter 04 MIS IN GRAMEENPHONEIn today’s world of ever increasing complexities of carrying out business, every organization, in order to survive and grow, must have a properly planned, analyzed, designed and maintained MIS. This need is even more increased because organizations now have to compete not only locally but also globally. Maj or organizational functions In GRAMEENPHONE major organizational functions- * Sales & Marketing * Major functions of systems: Sales management, market research, promotion, pricing, new products * Major application systems: Sales order info system, market research system, pricing system * Financing and Accounting * Major functions of systems: Budgeting, general ledger, billing, cost accounting * Major application systems:General ledger, accounts receivable, accounts payable, budgeting, funds management systems * Human Resources * Major functions of systems: Personnel records, benefits, compensation, labor relations, training * Major application systems: Payroll, employee records, benefit systems, career path systems, personnel training systems * Customer communication * Networking * Data Storage * Utility bill payment system * Software Integrates Facets: * Planning, Manufacturing, Inventory, Sales, Finance, Accounting * Transactions Alert All Involved Factors * Updates Files, Speeds, Action, Cuts Cost * Electronic commerce * Internet Links Buyers, Sellers * Lowers Transaction Costs Goods & Services, Advertised, Bought, Exchanged Worldwide * Business-To-Business Transactions, Increasing. In Grameenphone Company MIS is mostly needed at every single of moment. Without managing the total information related with employees and customers it can not operates its functions. Computer technology everywhere related of the company. The company realizes the potential and importance of information technology and to manage this information for the decision making. The MIS has greatly facilitated and synchronized the information flow in the organization and the management feels that is has played a role in the growth and increased performance of the company Organization computing resources: Software Resources:-Following software’s are used for the functioning of our information system and organization 1) Application Software: Following application software’s are used in our organization and functioning of our information system * Microsoft Office * NOD32 Anti-Virus * Adobe Reader 2) System Software: Following application software’s are used in our organization and functioning of our information system * Operating System (Windows XP and Linux) for PC’s. * Windows 2003 server for mainframes. Hardware Resources:- Following hardware resources are required for the functionality of IS and organization: * Personal computers * Canon Document Scanners * HP Printers TPS in Grameenphone:Effective transaction processing system is working in Grameenphone for official transactions, customer dealing, etc Payroll TPS Grameenphone’s payroll TPS is designed to get information and record about employers and employees stored in computers. It get information about the employee from the employee’s department and send it to payroll TPS from where it links that information with the previous record and prepare a report which is forwarded to management. Decision making about organizational function taken throw managing all this information. Management takes record of the employee’s efficiency to work and may declare added bonus or other incentive. And the record is updated in the general ledger as well as the master payroll (HUB). Customer Identification:At customer care centers data storage about customers this company also use computer technology. Collecting and gathering information about customers, dealing with them for products and services, offering new services to them, solving their problems for service by customer managers all are provided by computer application systems. Online Activity GP allows the customer the option of online uses. Purpose: Career with the organization. Input: Name, resume. Process: The information will send to organization server (HUB). Output: evaluate and select candidate. Sim card operations Different sim card operations and transaction maintain by computer programs.Call rat e, SMS rate, Voice messages record and flexi load transactions, handset facilities, additional service- all are maintain by computers which depends on information systems. MIS uses on these functions gives company better option to reach its own destiny. Telecommunication networking cannot thinkable without information system management. Every call, call-charges, talk-time duration, GSM Features and Value Added Services (all control by computer applications which is set before by computer application programs including different information. Relationship of MIS with TPS: MIS reports and summarizes the organization’s basic operations and these reports come from the basic transition processing systems.In case of GP organization the TPS’s of Recharge Cards, Payroll and Customer identification etc. provide the basic information about the organization’s activities. These activities are then summarized in the form of reports for the manager so that they can check wheth er the firm is working properly or not. If there are some flaws then they take control measures to fix those flaws. chapter 04 CONCLUSION It would appear that the role played by MIS within the study companies is undergoing a period of intense transformation—for many this involves a total rethink of their systems, and the way in which they are managed. IT representatives would appear to be ‘shedding’ their image of pure technologists.Instead, all displayed a keen interest in, and awareness of, the competitive pressures facing their organizations, and how managing information system could be used to assist in combating them. As part of the recognition of the importance of business issues, there is a concurrent recognition of the importance of information, and it play improving customer service—a key differentiator in environments where products are essentially the same. The relationship between management attitudes and the role played by information system i s an interesting one. Without support from management it would appear that MIS will never be deployed in innovative ways.But if MIS does not prove its potential then management will remain distinctly cool and unenthusiastic about its use. This would seem to be particularly true in areas where the company is operating in a relatively stable climate with little or no opposition. If information systems are to be deployed effectively in the organizational arena, and to realize their full potential, strategic or otherwise, such issues must continue to climb up the corporate agenda. Similarly, senior managers must realize that in the continuing search for competitive advantage in an ever more dynamic climate, IS management could, as has been widely maintained, be one of their most valuable (yet underdeveloped) organizational capabilities.This is a universally accepted fact that all managerial functions are performed through decision making. For taking rational decisions, timely and reliab le information is essential and is procured through a logical method of information collecting, processing and disseminating to decision makers. MIS assist decision makers, by providing the required information at various stages of decision making and thus greatly help the organization to achieve its goals and objectives. On the other hand, if an MIS is poorly planned and constructed, it may provide inaccurate, irrelevant or obsolete information, which may even prove fatal for the organization.